Navngi enkle alkylkjedefunksjonelle grupper

Nomenklatur for enkle alkankjedemolekyler

MOLEKUUL/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY / Getty Images

En enkel alkylgruppe er en funksjonell gruppe består utelukkende av karbon og hydrogen hvor karbonatomene er kjedet sammen med enkeltbindinger. Den generelle molekylformelen for enkle alkylgrupper er -C_nH_2n+1hvor n er antall karbonatomer i gruppen.
Enkle alkylgrupper er navngitt ved å legge til -yl-suffikset til prefiks knyttet til antall karbonatomer tilstede i molekylet.

Nedenfor finner du diagrammer over de kjemiske strukturene til ti forskjellige alkylkjedefunksjonelle grupper.

Metylgruppe

ThoughtCo / Todd Helmenstine

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ThoughtCo / Todd Helmenstine

• Antall karboner: 1
  
• Antall hydrogen: 2(1)+1 = 2+1 = 3
  
• Molekylformel: -CH₃
  
• Strukturformel: -CH₃

Etylgruppe

ThoughtCo / Todd Helmenstine

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ThoughtCo / Todd Helmenstine

• Antall karboner: 2
  
• Antall hydrogen: 2(2)+1 = 4+1 = 5
  
• Molekylformel: -C_toH₅
  
• Strukturformel: -CH_toCH₃

Propyl gruppe

ThoughtCo / Todd Helmenstine

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ThoughtCo / Todd Helmenstine

• Antall karboner: 3
  
• Antall hydrogen: 2(3)+1 = 6+1 = 7
  
• Molekylformel: -C₃H₇
  
• Strukturformel: -CH_toCH_toCH₃

Butylgruppen

ThoughtCo / Todd Helmenstine

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ThoughtCo / Todd Helmenstine

• Antall karboner: 4
  
• Antall hydrogen: 2(4)+1 = 8+1 = 9
  
• Molekylformel: C₄H₉
  
• Strukturformel: -CH_toCH_toCH_toCH₃eller: -(CH_to)₃CH₃

Pentylgruppe

ThoughtCo / Todd Helmenstine

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ThoughtCo / Todd Helmenstine

• Antall karboner: 5
  
• Antall hydrogen: 2(5)+1 = 10+1 = 11
  
• Molekylformel: -C₅H_elleve
  
• Strukturformel: -CH_toCH_toCH_toCH_toCH₃eller: -(CH_to)₄CH₃

Hexyl Group

ThoughtCo / Todd Helmenstine

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ThoughtCo / Todd Helmenstine

• Antall karboner: 6
  
• Antall hydrogen: 2(6)+1 = 12+1 = 13
  
• Molekylformel: -C₆H_{1. 3}
  
• Strukturformel: -CH_toCH_toCH_toCH_toCH_toCH₃eller: -(CH_to)₅CH₃

Heptylgruppen

ThoughtCo / Todd Helmenstine

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ThoughtCo / Todd Helmenstine

• Antall karboner: 7
  
• Antall hydrogen: 2(7)+1 = 14+1 = 15
  
• Molekylformel: -C₇H_femten
  
• Strukturformel: -CH_toCH_toCH_toCH_toCH_toCH_toCH₃eller: -(CH_to)₆CH₃

Octyl Group

ThoughtCo / Todd Helmenstine

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ThoughtCo / Todd Helmenstine

• Antall karboner: 8
  
• Antall hydrogen: 2(8)+1 = 16+1 = 17
  
• Molekylformel: -C₈H₁₇
  
• Strukturformel: -CH_toCH_toCH_toCH_toCH_toCH_toCH_toCH₃eller: -(CH_to)₇CH₃

Nonyl Group

ThoughtCo / Todd Helmenstine

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ThoughtCo / Todd Helmenstine

• Antall karboner: 9
  
• Antall hydrogen: 2(9)+1 = 18+1 = 19
  
• Molekylformel: -C₉H₁₉
  
• Strukturformel: -CH_toCH_toCH_toCH_toCH_toCH_toCH_toCH_toCH₃eller: -(CH_to)₈CH₃

Decyl Group

ThoughtCo / Todd Helmenstine

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ThoughtCo / Todd Helmenstine

• Antall karboner: 10
  
• Antall hydrogen: 2(10)+1 = 20+1 = 21
  
• Molekylformel: -C₁₀H_tjueen
  
• Strukturformel: -CH_toCH_toCH_toCH_toCH_toCH_toCH_toCH_toCH_toCH₃eller: -(CH_to)₉CH₃